Michigan's historic highway bridges are rapidly being torn down and replaced as they deteriorate or become unable to support increased traffic volumes and loads. While the state has the responsibility of providing safe bridges, historian Charles K. Hyde maintains that the state must also preserve many of these remaining historic structures to insure that future generations will have them to view and appreciate. In Historic Highway Bridges of Michigan, Hyde identifies Michigan's historically significant highway bridges within the broader contexts of American bridge design and construction in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The book summarizes the improvement of highway bridge design in the United States and compares Michigan's experiences with national trends. To aid the reader interested in visiting the historic highway bridges of Michigan, regional maps show the location of bridges included in the text. Excerpt from A Text-Book on Roofs and Bridges: Bridge Design The present edition has been entirely rewritten in order to bring the subject fully up to date, for the changes in bridge design during the past eight years have been remarkable.
The rapid increase in live loads on the principal railroads in this country has necessitated an unusually large amount of new construction to replace the old bridges, which were designed for much lighter traffic.
The extensive scale on which this work had to be done led to a general revision of specifications and to careful attention to the design of details so as to secure greater stiffness as well as strength in the new structures.
These changes include the introduction of some new forms of details; the elimination, as far as practicable, of adjustable members; the entire superseding of wrought iron by steel; the substitution Of riveted trusses for pin-connected trusses in the shorter spans; and increased care in designing the joints so as to reduce the secondary stresses to a minimum.
In the descriptions Of the details of plate-girder and truss bridges, introduced in Chapters VI, VIII, and XI, only those are given which may be properly claimed as standard in the best recent practice. Special attention is called to the new feature of carefully selected references to engineering periodi cals where more extended descriptions and applications of various details may be found.
Wrought Iron Metal Art. Wrought Iron Newels. Wrought Iron Panels. Wrought Iron Rails. Wrought Iron Rings. Wrought Iron Rosettes. Wrought Iron Scrolls. Gonzato Design. View all - Wrought Iron Furniture. View all - Lighting. Wall Wall Sconces. View all - Outdoor Living. Because of development of cheaper and more effective production methods, wrought iron is no longer manufactured commercially and its usage has been almost completely replaced by using mild steel.
Today all the products described as wrought iron outdoor furniture, railings, gates are made of mild steel. The true wrought iron is being made in very small amounts and it is mostly used for restoration of historic structures. On this page you can download a plan for making a simple yet effective 3 tier wall shelf made from a combination of wood and wrought iron.
The plan for the making of this plant basket is based on a similar plant basket that we once saw hanging on the wall of a house, with an abundance of flowers blooming in it. The wine rack illustrated is easy to built and can be made by the amateur metalworker at very low cost. With this free metalworking plan you can make garden bicycle plant holder, a perfect decoration for your garden, patio or backyard.
With the free welding project that you can download on this page you can make a Garden tricycle plant holder. With this plan, you can create a wrought iron hanging sign that will surely attract guests or customers to your pub, hotel, store…. On this page there is a plan with the help of which you can make a plant holder that is similar in appearance to a vintage hand truck.
With the plan that you can download on this page you can make a nice and convenient wrought iron plant holder.
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